Here are 20 multiple choice questions (MCQs) on the topic of Pleural Effusion:
1. What is pleural effusion?
A) Accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
B) Collection of fluid within the pleural space
C) Inflammation of the pleura
D) Constriction of the bronchi
Answer: B) Collection of fluid within the pleural space
2. Which of the following is not a common symptom of pleural effusion?
A) Chest pain
B) Shortness of breath
C) Dry cough
D) Fever
Answer: C) Dry cough
3. Which imaging technique is commonly used to diagnose pleural effusion?
A) Electrocardiogram (ECG)
B) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
C) Computed tomography (CT) scan
D) Ultrasound
Answer: D) Ultrasound
4. Which condition is NOT commonly associated with pleural effusion?
A) Congestive heart failure
B) Pneumonia
C) Liver cirrhosis
D) Pulmonary embolism
Answer: D) Pulmonary embolism
5. Transudative pleural effusions are typically caused by:
A) Infection
B) Malignancy
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Trauma
Answer: C) Congestive heart failure
6. Which of the following is not a potential complication of pleural effusion?
A) Empyema
B) Atelectasis
C) Pleurisy
D) Hypertension
Answer: D) Hypertension
7. Which diagnostic test can differentiate between transudative and exudative pleural effusions?
A) Complete blood count (CBC)
B) Pleural fluid analysis
C) Chest X-ray
D) Pulmonary function test
Answer: B) Pleural fluid analysis
8. What is the most common cause of exudative pleural effusion?
A) Congestive heart failure
B) Bacterial pneumonia
C) Pulmonary embolism
D) Lung cancer
Answer: B) Bacterial pneumonia
9. Which of the following is NOT a typical treatment option for pleural effusion?
A) Thoracentesis
B) Pleurodesis
C) Antibiotics
D) Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
Answer: D) Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
10. Which type of pleural effusion is associated with a higher protein content?
A) Transudative
B) Exudative
C) Parapneumonic
D) Chylous
Answer: B) Exudative
11. Which condition involves the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space?
A) Chylothorax
B) Empyema
C) Hemothorax
D) Pneumothorax
Answer: A) Chylothorax
12. Which imaging modality is useful for guiding thoracentesis?
A) MRI
B) PET scan
C) Ultrasound
D) X-ray
Answer: C) Ultrasound
13. Which type of pleural effusion is commonly associated with tuberculosis?
A) Transudative
B) Exudative
C) Chylothorax
D) Parapneumonic
Answer: D) Parapneumonic
14. Which condition involves the presence of pus in the pleural cavity?
A) Empyema
B) Hemothorax
C) Pneumothorax
D) Pleurisy
Answer: A) Empyema
15. Which medication class is often prescribed to manage pleural effusion associated with heart failure?
A) Antibiotics
B) Diuretics
C) Anticoagulants
D) Corticosteroids
Answer: B) Diuretics
16. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing pleural effusion?
A) Smoking
B) Obesity
C) Regular exercise
D) Age
Answer: C) Regular exercise
17. What is the typical appearance of pleural effusion on a chest X-ray?
A) Increased lung markings
B) Air-fluid level
C) Consolidation
D) Normal findings
Answer: B) Air-fluid level
18. Which of the following is a potential cause of chylothorax?
A) Trauma
B) Congestive heart failure
C) Liver cirrhosis
D) Pulmonary embolism
Answer: A) Trauma
19. Which procedure involves the instillation of a sclerosing agent into the pleural space to prevent recurrence of pleural effusion?
A) Thoracentesis
B) Pleurodesis
C) Bronchoscopy
D) Pulmonary function test
Answer: B) Pleurodesis
20. Which laboratory finding is consistent with exudative pleural effusion?
A) Pleural fluid protein/serum protein ratio < 0.5
B) Pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) > 200 IU/L
C) Pleural fluid glucose < 60 mg/dL
D) Pleural fluid pH > 7.45
Answer: B) Pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) > 200 IU/L
21. What is the most common symptom of pleural effusion?
A) Chest pain
B) Shortness of breath
C) Coughing up blood
D) Fatigue
Answer: B) Shortness of breath
22. Which type of pleural effusion is characterized by the presence of blood in the pleural space?
A) Transudative
B) Exudative
C) Hemothorax
D) Chylothorax
Answer: C) Hemothorax
23. Which medical condition is associated with the development of transudative pleural effusion?
A) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
B) Rheumatoid arthritis
C) Nephrotic syndrome
D) Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Answer: C) Nephrotic syndrome
24. What is the primary function of the pleural fluid?
A) Lubrication of the pleural surfaces
B) Facilitation of gas exchange
C) Prevention of infection
D) Regulation of blood pressure
Answer: A) Lubrication of the pleural surfaces
25. Which imaging technique provides real-time visualization of the pleural space during thoracentesis?
A) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
B) Computed tomography (CT) scan
C) Ultrasound
D) X-ray
Answer: C) Ultrasound
26. Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of exudative pleural effusion?
A) Pulmonary embolism
B) Tuberculosis
C) Pancreatitis
D) Hypothyroidism
Answer: D) Hypothyroidism
27. Which pleural effusion is characterized by the presence of milky-white fluid rich in triglycerides?
A) Transudative
B) Exudative
C) Empyema
D) Chylothorax
Answer: D) Chylothorax
28. What is the gold standard diagnostic test for pleural effusion?
A) Chest X-ray
B) Thoracentesis
C) Pleural fluid analysis
D) Pulmonary function test
Answer: C) Pleural fluid analysis
29. What is the mainstay of treatment for empyema?
A) Antibiotics
B) Thoracentesis
C) Pleurodesis
D) Bronchodilators
Answer: A) Antibiotics
30. Which type of pleural effusion is commonly seen in patients with liver cirrhosis?
A) Transudative
B) Exudative
C) Empyema
D) Chylothorax
Answer: A) Transudative
31. Which of the following is a characteristic finding in the pleural fluid of patients with parapneumonic effusion?
A) Low pH
B) High glucose level
C) Decreased white blood cell count
D) Presence of lymphocytes
Answer: A) Low pH
32. Which lung condition is NOT typically associated with pleural effusion?
A) Lung cancer
B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C) Asthma
D) Pulmonary fibrosis
Answer: C) Asthma
33. Which procedure involves the insertion of a chest tube to drain pleural fluid?
A) Thoracentesis
B) Bronchoscopy
C) Pleurodesis
D) Chest tube insertion
Answer: D) Chest tube insertion
34. Which pleural effusion is commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis?
A) Transudative
B) Exudative
C) Empyema
D) Rheumatoid pleural effusion
Answer: D) Rheumatoid pleural effusion
35. Which laboratory finding is consistent with transudative pleural effusion?
A) High lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level
B) Low protein level
C) Elevated white blood cell count
D) Decreased pH
Answer: B) Low protein level
36. Which condition involves the accumulation of air in the pleural space?
A) Pneumonia
B) Pneumothorax
C) Pleurisy
D) Pleural fibrosis
Answer: B) Pneumothorax
37. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of chylothorax?
A) Milky-white appearance of pleural fluid
B) Dyspnea
C) Chest pain
D) Weight loss
Answer: C) Chest pain
38. What is the primary goal of pleurodesis?
A) To drain pleural fluid
B) To prevent recurrence of pleural effusion
C) To treat underlying infection
D) To relieve chest pain
Answer: B) To prevent recurrence of pleural effusion
39. Which condition involves the accumulation of pus and fibrin in the pleural space?
A) Hemothorax
B) Chylothorax
C) Empyema
D) Pneumothorax
Answer: C) Empyema
40. Which of the following imaging modalities can detect small pleural effusions that may be missed on a chest X-ray?
A) CT scan
B) MRI
C) PET scan
D) Ultrasound
Answer: D) Ultrasound
41. Which physical examination finding is characteristic of pleural effusion?
A) Hyperresonance to percussion
B) Decreased tactile fremitus
C) Egophony
D) Inspiratory crackles
Answer: B) Decreased tactile fremitus
42. Which of the following conditions is NOT a common cause of transudative pleural effusion?
A) Nephrotic syndrome
B) Congestive heart failure
C) Cirrhosis
D) Bacterial pneumonia
Answer: D) Bacterial pneumonia
43. Which medication is commonly used to relieve dyspnea in patients with pleural effusion?
A) Beta-blockers
B) Narcotics
C) Bronchodilators
D) Anticoagulants
Answer: B) Narcotics
44. What is the primary purpose of evaluating pleural fluid pH in pleural effusion?
A) To identify the presence of infection
B) To differentiate between transudative and exudative effusions
C) To assess for the risk of pleural complications
D) To monitor response to treatment
Answer: C) To assess for the risk of pleural complications
45. Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with bilateral pleural effusion?
A) Lung cancer
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) Rheumatoid arthritis
D) Pneumothorax
Answer: B) Pulmonary embolism
46. What is the typical appearance of pleural fluid on thoracentesis in a patient with empyema?
A) Straw-colored
B) Bloody
C) Milky-white
D) Purulent
Answer: D) Purulent
47. Which radiological sign indicates the presence of pleural effusion on a lateral decubitus chest X-ray?
A) Blunted costophrenic angles
B) Meniscus sign
C) Hampton's hump
D) Westermark's sign
Answer: B) Meniscus sign
48. Which of the following is a common cause of exudative pleural effusion?
A) Hypoalbuminemia
B) Pancreatitis
C) Renal failure
D) Anasarca
Answer: B) Pancreatitis
49. Which imaging study is most useful for evaluating pleural thickening and pleural nodules?
A) Chest X-ray
B) MRI
C) PET scan
D) CT scan
Answer: D) CT scan
50. What is the primary mechanism by which pleurodesis prevents recurrence of pleural effusion?
A) Inducing pleural inflammation and fibrosis
B) Removing accumulated pleural fluid
C) Promoting lymphatic drainage
D) Inhibiting pleural fluid production
Answer: A) Inducing pleural inflammation and fibrosis
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