Pneumonia : 50 MCQs For Govt Exam Practice
Pneumonia is a respiratory infection characterized by inflammation of the lung tissue caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. This inflammation leads to the accumulation of fluid or pus in the lungs. Bacterial pneumonia tends to be more severe compared to viral pneumonia, with bacterial strains often requiring medical intervention. However, viral pneumonia often resolves spontaneously without specific treatment. Pneumonia can affect either one lung (unilateral pneumonia) or both lungs (bilateral pneumonia), and its severity varies depending on the causative agent and the individual's overall health condition.
Very common: More than 10 million cases per year in India.
💉 Some types preventable by vaccine.
⚕️ Treatable by a medical professional.
🔬 Requires a medical diagnosis.
🩺 Lab tests or imaging always required.
🌬️ Spreads by airborne droplets.
⏳ Short-term: resolves within days to weeks.
Here are some multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on the topic of Pneumonia:
1. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of pneumonia? a) Cough
b) Fever
c) Joint pain
d) Shortness of breath
Answer: c) Joint pain
2. Which of the following microorganisms is a common cause of bacterial pneumonia?
a) Influenza virus
b) Streptococcus pneumoniae
c) Rhinovirus
d) Respiratory syncytial virus
Answer: b) Streptococcus pneumoniae
3. Which population group is at the highest risk of developing pneumonia?
a) Teenagers
b) Young adults
c) Elderly individuals
d) Infants
Answer: c) Elderly individuals
4. Which diagnostic test is commonly used to confirm pneumonia?
a) Blood culture
b) Electrocardiogram (ECG)
c) Urinalysis
d) Chest X-ray
Answer: d) Chest X-ray
5. What is the recommended treatment for bacterial pneumonia?
a) Antiviral medication
b) Antibiotics
c) Corticosteroids
d) Antifungal medication
Answer: b) Antibiotics
6. Which of the following preventive measures is effective in reducing the risk of pneumonia?
a) Hand hygiene
b) Smoking
c) Sedentary lifestyle
d) Overuse of antibiotics
Answer: a) Hand hygiene
7. Which vaccine helps prevent pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
a) Influenza vaccine
b) Varicella vaccine
c) Pneumococcal vaccine
d) MMR vaccine
Answer: c) Pneumococcal vaccine
8. Pneumonia primarily affects which organs of the body?
a) Liver and kidneys
b) Lungs
c) Heart and blood vessels
d) Brain
Answer: b) Lungs
9. What term is used to describe pneumonia acquired outside of a hospital or healthcare setting?
a) Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
b) Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
c) Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
d) Aspiration pneumonia
Answer: a) Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
10. Which of the following conditions increases the risk of developing pneumonia?
a) Regular exercise
b) Adequate sleep
c) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
d) Vegetarian diet
Answer: c) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
11. Which of the following is a viral cause of pneumonia?
a) Streptococcus pneumoniae
b) Haemophilus influenzae
c) Influenza virus
d) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Answer: c) Influenza virus
12. What is the most common route of transmission for pneumonia-causing microorganisms?
a) Ingestion of contaminated food or water
b) Sexual contact
c) Airborne droplets
d) Blood transfusion
Answer: c) Airborne droplets
13. Which of the following is a complication associated with severe pneumonia?
a) Dehydration
b) Hypertension
c) Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
d) Hypoglycemia
Answer: c) Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
14. Which population group is less likely to exhibit typical symptoms of pneumonia?
a) Young children
b) Pregnant women
c) Immunocompromised individuals
d) Older adults
Answer: c) Immunocompromised individuals
15. Which imaging technique provides detailed images of the lungs and is helpful in diagnosing pneumonia?
a) MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
b) PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan
c) CT (Computed Tomography) scan
d) Ultrasound
Answer: c) CT (Computed Tomography) scan
16. What is the term for inflammation of the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may be caused by various infections?
a) Bronchitis
b) Pneumothorax
c) Pleurisy
d) Pneumonia
Answer: d) Pneumonia
17. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing pneumonia?
a) Smoking
b) Diabetes mellitus
c) Regular exercise
d) Chronic lung disease
Answer: c) Regular exercise
18. Which type of pneumonia is caused by breathing in a foreign substance, such as food, liquid, or vomit?
a) Aspiration pneumonia
b) Viral pneumonia
c) Fungal pneumonia
d) Bacterial pneumonia
Answer: a) Aspiration pneumonia
19. Which laboratory test is commonly performed to determine the causative agent of pneumonia?
a) Echocardiography
b) Sputum culture and sensitivity
c) Electroencephalogram (EEG)
d) Bone scan
Answer: b) Sputum culture and sensitivity
20. Which of the following is a common complication of pneumonia in older adults?
a) Acne
b) Osteoporosis
c) Delirium
d) Tinnitus
Answer: c) Delirium
21. Which of the following is NOT a typical treatment option for viral pneumonia?
a) Antiviral medications
b) Antibiotics
c) Supportive care
d) Rest and hydration
Answer: b) Antibiotics
22. What is the term for inflammation of the tissue lining the chest cavity and covering the lungs?
a) Bronchitis
b) Pleurisy
c) Emphysema
d) Asthma
Answer: b) Pleurisy
23. Which of the following is a complication that can arise from pneumonia in children?
a) Atrial fibrillation
b) Encephalitis
c) Cirrhosis
d) Glaucoma
Answer: b) Encephalitis
24. Which of the following is NOT considered a common symptom of pneumonia in infants?
a) Fever
b) Cyanosis (bluish skin color)
c) Vomiting
d) Dry, non-productive cough
Answer: d) Dry, non-productive cough
25. Which of the following is a non-infectious cause of pneumonia?
a) Legionella pneumophila
b) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
c) Inhalation of chemicals or irritants
d) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Answer: c) Inhalation of chemicals or irritants
26. Which of the following is a potential complication of pneumonia in pregnant women?
a) Ectopic pregnancy
b) Preterm birth
c) Thrombosis
d) Diabetic ketoacidosis
Answer: b) Preterm birth
27. Which type of pneumonia is characterized by a gradual onset of symptoms and often occurs in young, otherwise healthy adults?
a) Aspiration pneumonia
b) Hospital-acquired pneumonia
c) Walking pneumonia
d) Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Answer: c) Walking pneumonia
28. Which of the following is a lifestyle factor that can increase the risk of pneumonia?
a) Vegetarian diet
b) Regular handwashing
c) Sedentary behavior
d) Adequate sleep
Answer: c) Sedentary behavior
29. Which of the following is NOT a common cause of atypical pneumonia?
a) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
b) Chlamydia pneumoniae
c) Legionella pneumophila
d) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Answer: d) Streptococcus pneumoniae
30. Which of the following is a recommended measure to prevent pneumonia in infants?
a) Avoiding breastfeeding
b) Early introduction of solid foods
c) Ensuring proper vaccination
d) Exposure to secondhand smoke
Answer: c) Ensuring proper vaccination
31. Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of pneumonia in adults?
a) Fatigue
b) Runny nose
c) Chest pain
d) Rapid breathing
Answer: b) Runny nose
32. Which of the following is a fungal cause of pneumonia that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals?
a) Candida albicans
b) Aspergillus fumigatus
c) Histoplasma capsulatum
d) Cryptococcus neoformans
Answer: b) Aspergillus fumigatus
33. What is the term for pneumonia that develops in patients who are hospitalized for another condition?
a) Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
b) Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
c) Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
d) Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP)
Answer: b) Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
34. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing aspiration pneumonia?
a) Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
b) Alcohol intoxication
c) Supine position (lying flat)
d) Regular dental care
Answer: d) Regular dental care
35. Which of the following is a common complication of pneumonia in patients with HIV/AIDS?
a) Hypertension
b) Tuberculosis
c) Kaposi's sarcoma
d) Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
Answer: d) Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
36. Which of the following is NOT a method of transmission for pneumonia?
a) Airborne droplets
b) Direct contact with contaminated surfaces
c) Ingestion of contaminated food
d) Vector-borne transmission
Answer: d) Vector-borne transmission
37. Which of the following is a type of pneumonia that typically affects both lungs and spreads rapidly?
a) Lobar pneumonia
b) Bronchopneumonia
c) Interstitial pneumonia
d) Necrotizing pneumonia
Answer: b) Bronchopneumonia
38. Which of the following conditions is associated with an increased risk of developing pneumonia due to impaired cough reflex and weakened immune system?
a) Hypothyroidism
b) Rheumatoid arthritis
c) Diabetes mellitus
d) Parkinson's disease
Answer: d) Parkinson's disease
39. Which of the following is a common cause of pneumonia in newborns and infants?
a) Streptococcus pneumoniae
b) Chlamydia trachomatis
c) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
d) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Answer: b) Chlamydia trachomatis
40. Which of the following is a typical treatment option for fungal pneumonia?
a) Antibiotics
b) Antifungal medications
c) Antiviral medications
d) Corticosteroids
Answer: b) Antifungal medications
41. Which of the following conditions is characterized by fluid accumulation in the lungs, making individuals more susceptible to pneumonia?
a) Pulmonary embolism
b) Pulmonary edema
c) Pulmonary hypertension
d) Pulmonary fibrosis
Answer: b) Pulmonary edema
42. Which of the following is a type of pneumonia caused by bacteria other than Streptococcus pneumoniae?
a) Legionnaires' disease
b) Walking pneumonia
c) Pneumocystis pneumonia
d) Tuberculosis
Answer: a) Legionnaires' disease
43. Which of the following is a condition that increases the risk of developing aspiration pneumonia due to the reflux of stomach contents into the lungs?
a) Gastritis
b) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
c) Peptic ulcer disease
d) Cholecystitis
Answer: b) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
44. Which of the following is a diagnostic test used to identify viral pneumonia?
a) Gram stain
b) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
c) Wright stain
d) Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear
Answer: b) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
45. Which of the following is a term used to describe inflammation of the airways that precedes the development of pneumonia?
a) Bronchitis
b) Asthma
c) Emphysema
d) Bronchiolitis
Answer: a) Bronchitis
46. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of severe pneumonia?
a) Confusion
b) Cyanosis
c) Dry, non-productive cough
d) Difficulty breathing
Answer: c) Dry, non-productive cough
47. Which of the following is a potential complication of pneumonia in pregnant women that can lead to maternal and fetal mortality?
a) Pulmonary embolism
b) Placental abruption
c) Eclampsia
d) Chorioamnionitis
Answer: d) Chorioamnionitis
48. Which of the following is a preventive measure for reducing the risk of aspiration pneumonia in hospitalized patients?
a) Elevating the head of the bed
b) Administering antibiotics prophylactically
c) Encouraging deep breathing exercises
d) Avoiding hand hygiene
Answer: a) Elevating the head of the bed
49. Which of the following is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pleura, often accompanying pneumonia?
a) Pleurisy
b) Pericarditis
c) Peritonitis
d) Pancreatitis
Answer: a) Pleurisy
50. Which of the following is a complication of pneumonia that results from the spread of bacteria or fungi into the bloodstream?
a) Septic shock
b) Diabetic ketoacidosis
c) Cardiogenic shock
d) Hypovolemic shock
Answer: a) Septic shock
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